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Peridinioid cysts with spines-processes

Zonneveld, K.A.F. and Pospelova V. (2015). A determination key for modern dinoflagellate cysts. Palynology 39 (3), 387- 407.

Choose your cyst type

strongly dorsoventrally compressed
pentagonal outline
spines/processes along cingulum
Stelladinium stellatum +

pentagonal outline
numerous processes along two cingular rims
processes on apical and antapical horns
Selenopemphix quanta +

cyst heart-shaped
covered with numerous small spines
spines randomly distributed
Votadinium spinosum +

processes of variable form
processes vary in number
process terminations simplefurcate to multifurcate
processes are extensions of wall
process tips often ... +

distally expanded processes
processes only on cingulum
processes small
Selenopemphix brevispinosum +

pentagonal to circular outline
dorsoventrally compressed
two types of processes
hexagonal intercalary archeopyle
Peridinium ponticum +

cyst of Trinovantidinium pallidifulvum

covered with small solid spines reflecting cingulum and part of the paratabulation
cyst of Protoperidnium pallidifulvum