spherical brown cysts with two types of processes

Zonneveld, K.A.F. and Pospelova V. (2015). A determination key for modern dinoflagellate cysts. Palynology 39 (3), 387- 409.

Choose your cyst type

hollow large processes
large processes bulbous
of various forms with
circular bases
solid small processes, acuminate
Echinidinium bispiniformun +

arge processes hollow of
different form, bifurcate,
aculeate or branched
with circular bases
small processes solid
cyts of Protoperidinium monospinum +

pentagonal to circular outline
dorsoventrally compressed
hexagonal intercalary archeopyle
Peridinium ponticum +